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Sunday, 20 May 2012
Monday, 16 August 2010 08:41

Pharmacology of Ginger

Pharmacology of Ginger Pharmacology of Ginger img source: PTSA, Toronto
In vitro, ginger exerts anti-oxidative, anti-tumorgenic and immunomodulatory effects, and is an effective anti-microbial and anti-viral agent. Animal studies demonstrate effects on the gastrointestinal tract, the cardiovascular system, on experimental pain and fever, anti-oxidative, anti-lipidemic, anti-tumor effects as well as central nervous system and androgenic effects (Chrubasik et al., 2005). The main pharmacological actions of ginger and compounds isolated from ginger include immunomodulatory, anti-tumorgenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-lipidemic and anti-emetic actions (Ali et al., 2007).
The antiemetic action of ginger is attributed to the gingerols and shogaols constituents, which are believed to stimulate the flow of saliva, bile, and gastric secretions and may interact with 5HT3 receptors (Lumb, 1993). Foster and Tyler (1999) showed that the aromatic, spasmolytic, carminiative and absorbent properties of ginger have direct effects on the gastro-intestinal tract. Research findings do not indicate the same effect on the vestibular or oculomotor systems (Holtman, 1989). Germany’s Commission E, which approved ginger for antiemetic use, found ginger to be inotropic, promoting secretion of saliva and gastric juices and producing an anti-spasmodic response in animals and in humans and an increase in tonus and intestinal peristalsis.

The antiemetic effect of ginger has been evaluated in adults in the settings of nausea and vomiting due to pregnancy, surgery and chemotherapy.